审美欣赏理论：环境美学的独特美学观及其对于美学原理的推进

不同的环境美学家提出过不同的美学观，而最为独特的当数卡尔森提出的审美欣赏理论。卡尔森通过批评分析“审美”一词在当代美学中的发展来讨论其理论贡献与局限，在借鉴斯托尼茨、迪基与齐夫等人相关理论的基础上，将“欣赏”界定为“交融的精神与肉体活动”，用以取代“像呆牛般的凝视”。这种意义上的“欣赏”与“审美关联”“欣赏性关联”等新型美学术语一道推进了美学原理的研究。准确把握卡尔森的审美欣赏理论是准确理解其环境美学理论的前提。环境美学将美学的根本问题界定为“审美欣赏”是一个意味深长的重大变化，它透露出一种极富时代意义的信息：人类对于自己的生存环境，首先应该抱有感激之情，尊重环境自身的客观属性和内在价值，欣赏环境的客观特征和动态过程。

The Theory of Aesthetic Appreciation: The Unique Aesthetic Conception of Environmental Aesthetics and Its Promotion of Aesthetic Principles

Different environmental aestheticians have proposed different conceptions of aesthetics, and the most unique one is the theory of aesthetic appreciation proposed by Carlson. Carlson discusses the theoretical contributions and limitations of the term “the aesthetic” by criticizing and analyzing its development in contemporary aesthetics. Based on the relevant theories of Stolnitz, Dickie and Ziff, he defines “appreciation” as “engaged mental and physical activities” that is used to replace “blank cow-like stare”. In this sense, “appreciation” and new aesthetic terms such as “aesthetic relevance” and “appreciative relevance” promote the study of aesthetic principles. An accurate grasp of Carlson’s aesthetic appreciation theory is the prerequisite for an accurate understanding of his environmental aesthetic theory. Environmental aesthetics defines the fundamental issue of aesthetics as “aesthetic appreciation”, which is a significant change that reveals a message of the great times: human beings should first be grateful for their own living environment and respect for the objective attributes and intrinsic values of the environment, appreciate the objective characteristics and dynamic process of the environment.