发展经济学的演变、行为转向及其当代意义

发展经济学是经济学的一个重要分支，往往会受到不同经济学流派的影响。通过考察发展经济学的演变过程，可以揭示新古典发展经济学、政府主导发展经济学、新制度发展经济学和不完全信息发展经济学之间的异同点。由于现有新古典传统下的经济发展理论都没有涉及信息处理不完美或心理维度问题，因此有必要重点探讨行为经济学对发展经济学的心理或行为的作用机制。因心理账户、默认规则和认知偏差等非理性行为系统性偏离经济人模型，从而对当代经济发展会产生重大的影响。综合研究表明，行为失灵与市场失灵、交易成本和信息不对称等经济理论形成的互补认识，摆脱了自由市场和政府主导的简单两分法，更全面认识到政府在经济和社会发展中的助推作用，为有效市场与有为政府“两只手”有机结合奠定新的微观基础，也进一步丰富了发展经济学的理论研究视野，为新时代推动经济高质量发展提供新的政策启示。

The Evolution and Behavioral Turn of Development Economics and Its Contemporary Implications

By means of investigation into the integration of behavioral economics and development economic theory in the early 21th century, we found the new insights provide some new foundations for the development economics. Reviewing the evolution of development economics, we analyze the limits of existing neoclassical paradigm, including the traditional or mainstream development economics, new institutional development economics, imperfect information economics and behavioral development economics, particularly discuss the mental accounting, default rule and cognitive biases beyond the economic man model. Hence we make use of the insights from behavioral economics to take into account behavioral failure and complement with market failure, and focus on the information processing or imperfect mental models. We found that behavioral biases lead to imperfect market and leading to Pareto inefficiency．These behavioral failures open up economic development challenges for the poor. So it is necessary to small government intervention (nudge) to correct the behavioral biases into a rational way, combining the behavioral and market failures for the current China to fight the poverty and the economic development with high quality in the New Era.