城市基层党建与社区社会资本生成—基层社区党建的延展效应

与强调纵向协调有损社区社会资本的观点不同，基层社区党建的延展效应和居民有分寸的自律协调概念，可用以解释中国城市居民住宅小区、尤其是新建商品房住宅小区中社会资本得以生成的现象。居民社区党组织在发挥纵向协调职能时，具有一种作为潜在社会过程的延展效应，导致了居民住宅小区里“有分寸的自律协调机制”的出现，进而生成了居民间的横向社会网络和社区社会资本。对2016年“上海社区研究”（SCS）资料的分析发现，建有活跃党组织的居民住宅小区，会拥有相对较多的居民社团，包括自发型居民社团；在商品房住宅小区里，拥有活跃党组织，同样更有可能形成自发型居民社团。这些发现支持了基于上述论辩的研究假设，表明所提出的中国城市基层党建的延展效应和有分寸的自律协调机制，是能够解释在纵向协调起主导作用的制度环境下社区社会资得以生成的现象的。

Grassroots Party Building and the Creation of Social Capital in Chinese Urban Communities

Different from the prevailing perspective that vertical coordination is harmful to community social capital, this paper puts forward the concepts of extension effect of community Party building of the Chinese Communist Party and residents’ self-disciplined coordination, to explain how the social capital is generated in Chinese urban communities, especially in newly-built commercial residential communities. We argue that when the party branches the role of vertical coordination, it has an extension effect as a potential social process, which leads to the emergence of “proper self-disciplined coordination mechanism”, and then generates the horizontal social network and social capital among residents. Results from 2015 Shanghai Community Survey (SCS) data found that residential communities with active party organizations will have relatively more voluntary groups and social clubs, including self-organized ones; in commercial residential communities, having an active party branch is also more likely to form self-organized voluntary groups and social clubs. These findings support the research hypotheses based on the above argument and show that the proposed extension effect and proper self-disciplined coordination mechanism of Chinese community Party building can explain the creation of social capital in the institutional environment in which vertical coordination plays a leading role.