国家治理的家户逻辑：基于田野政治学的分析进路

家户是中国社会的细胞，也是国家治理的基本单元。从历史上看，家户单元以独立的个体家庭的产生为基础，并经由“编户齐民”制度而成熟定型。与其他治理单元不同，家户具有极强的自主性，并从中汲取动能与活力。家户自主性是基于家户自身生存和发展需要而产生的内在能动性，包括意识自主性、目标自主性和行动自主性。中国国家治理的重要特征，不是对家户单元的控制与形塑，而是对家户自主性的认同与调适。家户自主性的产生，主要源于家户单元的自组织特性，包括联结方式的血缘性、个体需求的内生性、组织形态的灵活性以及国家权力的外在性。从历史上看，正是家户单元的自主性治理，为“集家为国”的中国国家治理提供了动力，其不仅创造了灿烂的农业文明，也实现了国家的长治久安。进入近代以后，家户作为国家治理单元的功能不断弱化甚至一度被取代，但其内在价值并未因此消解，反而在改革实践中展现独特魅力与光芒。在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中，应当高度重视家户单元及其蕴含的自主性价值，并赋予其新的时代意义。

Household Logic of National Governance: An Analytical Approach Based on Field Politics

Household is the cell of Chinese society and the basic unit of national governance. Households have strong autonomy and draw energy and vitality from it.Household autonomy is the internal initiative based on the needs of their own, including consciousness autonomy, goal autonomy and action autonomy. The important feature of China’s national governance is not the control of household units, but the identification and adjustment of household autonomy. The emergence of household autonomy is mainly due to the self-organization characteristics of household units, including the consanguinity of connection mode, the endogeneity of individual needs, the flexibility of organizational form and the externality of state power. Historically, it is the autonomous governance of household units that has provided impetus for the national governance of China. After entering modern times, the function of household as a unit of national governance has been weakened and even replaced for a time, but its intrinsic value has not been dispelled. In the process of promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, we should attach great importance to the household unit and its autonomy value.