中国共产党党章的百年变迁—主题与变奏

作为依规治党的根本大法和依法治国的价值担纲，党章构成了“中国之治”的基础规范。党章内含的“社会主义”“民族主义”“发展主义”三项根本法，是理解党章百年变迁的内在线索。党章中的“社会主义”，经历了从“社会革命”到新民主主义革命，再到社会主义初级阶段的转换，克服了时序上的盲动主义和内涵上的教条主义，进入了用“中国特色”探索和定义社会主义的新阶段；党章中的“民族主义”有着民族先锋队和民族共同体的双重内涵，并呈现出构成性民族主义和超越性民族主义的双重面向；党章中的“发展主义”在阶段上经历了从救亡图存到伟大复兴的重大转换，在理念上正在实现从传统发展主义到新发展主义的历史跨越。党创制了党章，党章也在塑造着党。正确处理党章三项根本性议程及其内在张力，是“通过党章的治理”之关键所在。

The Inner Logic of the Changes of the Party Constitution in the Past Hundred Years

As the fundamental law of party governance and the value of the rule of law, the Party Constitution constitutes the basic norms of “rule of China”. Three fundamental laws of “socialism” “nationalism” and “developmentalism” contained in the Party Constitution are the inner clues to understanding the changes in the Party Constitution over the past century. The “socialism” has undergone a transition from a “social revolution” to a new democratic revolution, and from a “continued revolution” to the primary stage of socialism. It overcomes adventurism in temporal order and dogmatism in connotation, and enters a new stage of exploring and defining socialism with “Chinese characteristics”. The “nationalism” in the Party Constitution has the dual connotations of national vanguard and national community, and presents the dual aspects of constitutive nationalism and transcendent nationalism. The “developmentalism” in the Party Constitution has undergone a major transition from salvation to a great rejuvenation in stages, and is realizing the historical leap from traditional developmentalism to new developmentalism in concept. The Party created the Party Constitution, and the Party Constitution is also shaping the Party. Correctly handling the above three fundamental agendas and their inherent tensions are the key to the Party’s creation of the next century.