家国关系：理解近代以来中国基层治理变迁的一个视角

家国关系是理解20世纪中国基层治理逻辑变迁的重要本土视角。在传统社会，由于家国一体与家国同构，维系家族内部的伦理和结构就是维系国家统治的合法性和社会秩序。然而，近代以来，面对巨大的民族危机，国家却必须打破以家族为本位的社会结构，以社会成员的国族意识代替其家族意识，进而汲取更多的社会资源并进行有效的社会动员。随着家国关系由统一走向对立，国家能力实现了增长，但传统乡村以自治与德治为内容的治理模式也被彻底改变。在这种历史发展的基础之上，新时代的乡村治理需要妥善处理好国家能力增长与基层治理活力保持之间的平衡关系，探索基层自治、德治与法治在新的社会条件下的实现形式和有效融合机制。

The Relationship between Family and State: An Important Local Perspective to Understand the Changes of Social Governance Since Modern China

The relationship between family and state is an important local perspective to understand the changes of social governance in the 20th century. In traditional society, since the unity of the family and the state, maintaining the ethics and structure of the family is to maintain the legitimacy and social order of state. However, in the face of a huge national crisis in modern times, the state must cultivate the national consciousness of social members instead of the family consciousness in order to draw more social resources and carry out effective social mobilization. With the change of relationship between family and state, although the national capacity has increased, the grass-roots governance model with the content of autonomy and moral governance has been completely changed. On the basis, the realization of good social governance with the combination of autonomy, rule of virtue and rule of law must be based on the balance between national capacity and grassroots governance capacity.