质子衰变实验进展

按照粒子物理标准模型理论，重子数是绝对守恒的.而大统一理论（GUTs）明确地否定了重子数的对称性，预言质子会衰变成更轻的次粒子.文章论述了质子衰变的物理概念、基本探测条件和主要实验现状，并在探测方法的探讨和探测技术的改进方面融入了一些想法.目前一般认为质子的寿命为τp>1032年左右.质子衰变的探测，对于新理论模型的验证、宇宙学和粒子物理学的发展具有重要意义.

The status of experimental nucleon decay research

Baryon numbers are absolutely conserved in the standard model. However, according to the grand unified theory, nucleons in the nucleus will decay and baryon-number conservation may not be absolute. In this paper, the physical concepts, detection, and experimental status of nucleon decay research are reviewed. Our proposals to improve experimental methods and techniques are also presented. Up to now, the proton lifetime τp is deemed to be greater than 1032 years. The detection of nucleon decays will be very helpful for validation of new theoretical models and the development of cosmography and particle physics.