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Irradiated bivalve mollusks: Use of EPR spectroscopy for identification and dosimetry
Authors:Angelo Alberti  Eugenio Chiaravalle  Piergiorgio Fuochi  Dante Macciantelli  Michele Mangiacotti  Giuliana Marchesani  Elena Plescia
Institution:aCNR-ISOF, Area della Ricerca di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna I-40129, Italy;bIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, Foggia I-71100, Italy
Abstract:High energy radiation treatment of foodstuff for microbial control and shelf-life extension is being used in many countries. However, for consumer protection and information, the European Union has adopted the Directives 1999/2/EC and 1999/3/EC to harmonize the rules concerning the treatment and trade of irradiated foods in EU countries. Among the validated methods to detect irradiated foods the EU directives also include Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR/ESR) spectroscopy.We describe herein the use of EPR for identification of four species of bivalve mollusks, i.e. brown Venus shells (Callista chione), clams (Tapes semidecussatus), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Ostrea edulis) irradiated with 60Co γ-rays. EPR could definitely identify irradiated seashells due to the presence of long-lived free radicals, primarily CO2, CO33−, SO2 and SO3 radical anions. The presence of other organic free radicals, believed to originate from conchiolin, a scleroprotein present in the shells, was also ascertained. The use of one of these radicals as a marker for irradiation of brown Venus shells and clams can be envisaged. We also propose a dosimetric protocol for the reconstruction of the administered dose in irradiated oysters.
Keywords:Electron spin resonance  Gamma-irradiation  Electron beam  Seafood  Dosimetry  Conchiolin
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