Effects of phonophoresis with Arnica montana onto acute inflammatory process in rat skeletal muscles: An experimental study |
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| Authors: | Patrícia P Alfredo Carlos A Anaruma Ant?nio CS Pi?o Silvia MA Jo?o Raquel A Casarotto |
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| Institution: | 1. Postgraduate Program, Department of Speech, Physical and Occupational Therapy, Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Gioconda Mussolini 23, Edif. Felipe apto. 11, Jardim Risso, 05587-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Statistics, Applied and Computering Mathematics, Unesp, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Urology and the Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children''s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;4. Proteomics Center, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska;1. Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;2. Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway;1. Avignon University, Qualisud UMR95, F-84 000 Avignon, France;2. Qualisud, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier Sup''Agro, Université d''Avignon, Université de la Réunion, Montpellier, France;3. Aix Marseille Univ, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, UMR-MD3, Faculty of Pharmacy, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, CS 30064, 13385, Marseille cedex 05, France;4. Luberon Natural Regional Park, 60 place Jean-Jaurès, BP 122, 84404 Apt, France |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed at verifying the effects of phonophoresis associated with Arnica montana on the acute phase of an inflammatory muscle lesion. Forty Wistar male rats (300 ± 50 g), of which the Tibialis Anterior muscle was surgically lesioned, were divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control group received no treatment; the ultrasound group (US) was treated in pulsed mode with 1-MHz frequency, 0.5 W/cm2 intensity (spatial and temporal average – SATA), duty cycle of 1:2 (2 ms on, 4 ms off, 50%), time of application 3 min per session, one session per day, for 3 days; the phonophoresis or ultrasound plus arnica (US+A) group was treated with arnica with the same US parameters plus arnica gel; and the arnica group (A) was submitted to massage with arnica gel, also for 3 min, once a day, for 3 days. Treatment started 24 h after the surgical lesion. On the 4th day after lesion creation, animals were sacrificed and sections of the lesioned, inflamed muscle were removed for quantitative (mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell count) and qualitative histological analysis. Collected data from the 4 groups were statistically analyzed and the significance level set at p < 0.05. Results show higher mononuclear cell density in all three treated groups with no significant difference between them, but values were significantly different (p < 0.0001) when compared to control group’s. As to polymorphonuclear cell density, significant differences were found between control group (p = 0.0134) and US, US+A and A groups; the arnica group presented lesser density of polymorphonuclear cells when compared (p = 0.0134) to the other groups. No significant difference was found between US and US+A groups. While the massage with arnica gel proved to be an effective anti-inflammatory on acute muscle lesion in topic use, these results point to ineffectiveness of Arnica montana phonophoresis, US having seemingly checked or minimized its anti-inflammatory effect. |
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