The relationship between proton-proton NMR coupling constants and substituent electronegativities—I : An empirical generalization of the karplus equation |
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Authors: | C.A.G. Haasnoot F.A.A.M. de Leeuw C. Altona |
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Affiliation: | State University, Gorlaeus Laboratory, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | A new coupling constant-torsion angle relation for the three-bond 1H-1H spin-spin coupling constant is formulated. The relation includes a correction for the electronegativity of substituents. The correction term is written as a function of the electronegativity, the H-C-C-H torsion angle, and the orientation of each substituent relative to the coupled protons. A dataset consisting of 315 experimental coupling constants was used to derive six empirical parameters by means of an iterative least-squares minimization procedure. The precision of the proposed equation, expressed as the root-mean-square deviation (0.48 Hz), is superior to any hitherto reported. It is shown that separate treatment of CH2CH2, CH2CH and CHCH fragments even improves this precision. An application in the field of monosubstituted cyclohexanes is given. |
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