中药丹参及其近缘种中微量元素的主成分和聚类分析

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了不同产地的中药丹参及其近缘种植物白花丹参、雪山鼠尾草、云南鼠尾草、甘西鼠尾草、贵州鼠尾草、血盆草、粘毛鼠尾草、峨眉鼠尾草、黄鼠狼花、短唇鼠尾草和犬形鼠尾草中的Cu，Zn，Fe，Mg，Ca，Cr，Pb，Mo，Mn和Cd共10种微量元素的含量，应用主成分和聚类分析法对测定结果进行了研究。经过主成分分析得出3个主因子，其累计方差贡献率达79.3%。第一主因子的方差贡献率为49.6%，故所对应的Fe，Mn，Cu，Zn，Cd和Pb是丹参及其近缘种的特征元素。聚类分析将21个样品聚成2组，除浙江栽培丹参和白花丹参外，来自不同产地的9个丹参样品聚为一组；除贵州鼠尾草外，其他鼠尾草样品聚在一起，故此法可以将丹参和鼠尾草属其他植物区分开，总符合率达90%。因此利用原子吸收光谱法测定丹参及其近缘种中微量元素含量并对测定结果进行聚类分析是鉴别正品丹参的一种快速、准确的方法。

Principal Component and Cluster Analysis of Trace Elements in Chinese Herb Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Its Relative Species

The contents of trace elements, including copper, zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, chromium, lead, molybdenum, manganese, and cadmium in Chinese traditional herb S. miltiorrhiza and its relative species such as S. miltiorrhiza f. alba, S. evansiana, S. yunnanensis, S. przewalskii, S. cavaleriei, S. cavaleriei var. simplicifolia, S. roborowskii, S. omeiana, S. tricuspis, S. brevilabra and S. cynica were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The principal components analysis of SPSS was applied to the study of characteristic elements in S. miltiorrhiza and its relative species. Three principal components which accounted for 79.3% of total variance were extracted from the original data. The first factor accounted for 49.6% of the total variance, which means that iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead are the characteristic elements in S. miltiorrhiza and its relative species. The results of cluster analysis show that the samples could cluster reasonably into two groups. The samples of S. miltiorrhiza from different regions were classified into one group except S. miltiorrhiza from Zhejiang and S. miltiorrhiza f. alba. The other Salvia species were classified into another group except S. cavaleriei. The S. miltiorrhiza and other Salvia species can be distinguished by this method, whose accuracy of classification is 90%. The cluster analysis based on the contents of trace element in S. miltiorrhiza and its relative species provided a quick, accurate and simple method for authentication of herb Salvia miltiorrhiza.