电爆炸制备纳米铜粉及物相研究

采用电爆炸法制造纳米金属颗粒。分析了铜丝在电爆炸过程中的物态变化，即从固态、液态、气态到离子态；同时理论研究了纳米铜粉粒径大小及分布、成分组成与爆炸时的能量、铜丝的直径和铜丝长度的关系；定义了粒径均匀度，通过粒径平均大小和粒径均匀度比较，分析了纳米粒径的大小分布情况；通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)，透射电子显微镜(TEM)对电爆炸制造出的纳米铜颗粒做了测定与定量分析。结果表明:铜粉的主要成分由氧化铜、氧化亚铜及单晶铜组成，各成分所占比例与爆炸缸内的真空度相关。纳米金属微粒的粒径平均值、粒径均匀度与铜丝长度、直径、充电电压、放电时间等因素相关。

Preparation and phase analysis of Cu nano-power by electrical explosion

The electric explosive method has the advantages of simple operation and mass production to make nano metal particles. The changes of the copper wore in the electrical explosion process are analyzed, and the changes can be divided into the states of solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The relationships between the size, size distribution and composition of nano copper particle, and the explosion energy, copper wire diameter and the length of copper wire are studied. The particle size uniformity is defined, and the distribution of the nanoparticle size is analyzed based on the comparing analysis in the average diameter size and the particle size uniformity. The corresponding experimental researches are carried out, and the analysis and the test of the produced nanometer copper powder are completed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).