风化壳淋积型稀土矿评述

对我国特有的风化淋积型稀土矿的科学研究和工业利用进行了评述,阐述了该矿成矿过程,探讨了稀土元素在风化体系中的迁移富集规律,证实稀土配分的铈亏效应、富铕效应、分馏效应和钆断效应,论述了风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸取水动力学、浸取动力学及浸取传质过程。提出了该矿稀土回收中存在的一些问题,建议进一步完善稀土元素地球化学和无机化学的科学体系,开发新浸取剂,特别是组合浸取剂的协同使用,深入研究原地浸出过程中的扩散和传质机理,强化浸取过程和建立相应的数学模型,有效地提高稀土浸出率,从而完善风化壳淋积型稀土矿的原地浸出理论和技术。

Review of Weathered Crust Rare Earth Ore

The scientific research and industrial utilization of unique weathered crust rare earth ore in China were reviewed. Great attention was paid to the regular pattern of metallogeny, the mobility and enrichment regularity of rare earth elements in weathering system, and the Ce loss effect, rich Eu effect, fraetionation effect and Gd broken effect of rare earth partition. The leaching hydrokinetics, leaching kinetics and leaching mass transport process were also discussed. It is suggested that the scientific system of geochemistry ments agents should be ing reag inorganic chemistry of rare earth elefurther perfected. New leaching reespecially co-operating of combination leachents should be developed, the leaching process must be strengthened, and the corresponding mathematic model should be established to enhance the leaching rate effectivity as well as the theory and technology of in situ leaching of the weathered crust ore must be conducted.