Movable aperture lensless transmission microscopy: a novel phase retrieval algorithm

We propose an iterative phase retrieval method that uses a series of diffraction patterns, measured only in intensity, to solve for both amplitude and phase of the image wave function over a wide field of view and at wavelength-limited resolution. The new technique requires an aperture that is scanned to two or more positions over the object wave function. A simple implementation of the method is modeled and demonstrated, showing how the algorithm uses overlapping data in real space to resolve ambiguities in the solution. The technique opens up the possibility of practical transmission lensless microscopy at subatomic resolution using electrons, x rays, or nuclear particles.