Torsion-bar antenna for low-frequency gravitational-wave observations

We propose a novel type of gravitational-wave antenna, formed by two bar-shaped test masses and laser-interferometric sensors to monitor their differential angular fluctuations. This antenna has a fundamental sensitivity to low-frequency signals below 1 Hz, even with a ground-based configuration. In addition, it is possible to expand the observation band to a lower limit determined by the observation time, by using modulation and up-conversion of gravitational-wave signals by rotation of the antenna. The potential sensitivity of this antenna is superior to those of current detectors in a 1 mHz-10 Hz frequency band and is sufficient for observations of gravitational waves radiated from in-spiral and merger events of intermediate-mass black holes.