含裂纹板壳及三维裂纹体断裂问题研究进展

Ⅰ.前言由于灾难性工程断裂事故时有发生,工程结构安全性评定引起人们的极大关注。1982年美国Battelle实验室在关于断裂损失的首次综合考察中提出,材料的断裂以及为防止这类破坏所作的努力,使美国工业每年耗费达1190亿美元,相当于国家总产值的4%。但在不增加断裂危险情况下,加强检查、维护和修理,约有29%的断裂耗费可以避免。利用断裂力学的研究成果改进材料制造工艺和加强焊接过程的质量控制,可使每年耗费再减少24%。因 

ADVANCES IN FRACTURE ANALYSIS FOR PLATES, SHELLS AND THREE DIMENSIONAL BODIES

Fracture analysis in cracked plates, shells and three dimensional bodies is one of the important problems in safety evaluation for engineering construclurcs. In this paper the recent advances in study of this subject were reviewed, the authors' work in Institute of Mechanics, Acadcmia Sinica is introduced as well. By using so-called "Local-Global Analysis", we dclt with the fracture analysis in cracked plates, shells and three dimensional bodies successfully. General solu-lions for stress strain fields at crack tip including mode I, mode II and mode III in cracked plates, shells and three dimensional bodies were obtained. Those expansions can scivc as a basis for numerical calculation of stress intensity factors, by boundary collocation method, varialional method, asymptotic method as well as finite clement method.