Volatolomics of Sardinian and Spanish Bituminaria: Characterization of Different Accessions Using Chemometrics

The present study aims to determine the volatile compositions of 15 different accessions of native Sardinian populations of Bituminaria morisiana (Pignatti & Metlesics) Greuter, Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C. H. Stirt. (B. b.), and Spanish native accessions of B. bituminosa. Furthermore, we particularly focused on the essential oil characterization of these accessions and discriminated within populations with low furocoumarin content useful for fodder production in Mediterranean environments or furocoumarin extraction for pharmaceutical utilization. The plant extracts were analyzed by GC/MS, showing great variability in the content and composition. No differences were found in Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. var. bituminosa essential oils, while the varieties Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. var. crassiuscula P. Méndez, Fern. Galván & A. Santos and Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. var. albomarginata P. Méndez, Fern. Galván & A. Santos are characterized by the presence of a high concentration of long-chain alcohols and of salicylic acid benzylic ester. In B. bituminosa var. albomarginata, we observed a different profile with predominance of a large concentration of alcohols as dodecanol and tetradecanol. The endemic B. morisiana can be identified for the predominant presence of farnesene. In methanolic fractions, we detected the presence of maltol, methyl citrate, methyl cumarate, santonin, and methyl linoleate. B. morisiana showed a low content of psoralens, and the accession of B. morisiana, from Siliqua indicated the presence of apocynin.