Electronic Nose Differentiation between Quercus robur Acorns Infected by Pathogenic Oomycetes Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium |
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| Authors: | Piotr Borowik Leszek Adamowicz Rafa&#x; Tarakowski Przemys&#x;aw Wac&#x;awik Tomasz Oszako S&#x;awomir
lusarski Mi&#x;osz Tkaczyk Marcin Stocki |
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| Institution: | 1.Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland; (P.B.); (R.T.); (P.W.);2.Forest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, ul. Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland; (T.O.); (S.Ś.); (M.T.);3.Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland; |
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| Abstract: | Identification of the presence of pathogenic oomycetes in infected plant material proved possible using an electronic nose, giving hope for a tool to assist nurseries and quarantine services. Previously, species of Phytophthora plurivora and Pythium intermedium have been successfully distinguished in germinated acorns of English oak Quercus robur L. Chemical compound analyses performed by HS-SPME/GC-MS (Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) revealed the presence of volatile antifungal molecules produced by oak seedlings belonging to terpenes and alkanes. Compounds characteristic only of Phytophthora plurivora or Pythium intermedium were also found. Methylcarveol occurred when germinated acorns were infected with Pythium, while neophytadiene (isomer 2 and 3) occurred only when infected with Phytophthora. Moreover, isopentanol was found in acorns infected with Phytophthora, while in control, isopentyl vinyl ether was not observed anywhere else. Among the numerous volatile compounds, isopentanol only occurred in acorns infected with Phytophthora and methylcarveol in acorns infected with Pythium. |
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| Keywords: | odor classification VOC volatile organic compounds fungi and biosecurity |
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