Aharonov-bohm effect as the basis of electromagnetic energy inherent in the vacuum |
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| Authors: | P. K. Anastasovski T. E. Bearden C. Ciubotariu W. T. Coffey L. B. Crowell G. J. Evans M. W. Evans R. Flower S. Jeffers A. Labounsky B. Lehnert M. Mészáros P. R. Molnar S. Roy J. P. Vigier |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Physics, University of Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;(2) CTEC Inc, Huntsville, Alabama;(3) Institute for Information Technology, Stuttgart University, Stuttgart, Germany;(4) Department of Microelectronics and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College, 2 Dublin, Ireland;(5) Department of Physics, Astronomy University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico;(6) Ceredigion County Council, Aberaeron, Wales, UK;(7) Wolfson College, Oxford, UK;(8) Applied Science Associates and Temple University Center for Frontier Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;(9) Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Canada;(10) The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California;(11) Alfvén Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;(12) Alpha Foundation, Institute of Physics, 11 Rutafa Street, Building H, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary;(13) Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India;(14) Laboratoire de Gravitation et Cosmologie Relativistes, Universite Pierré et Marie Curie, Tour 22-12, 4 ème étage, 4 Place Jussieu, 7525 Paris, Cedex 05, France;(15) Institute for Advanced Study, Alpha Foundation Institute of Physics, 11 Rutafa Street, Building H, H-1165 Budapest, Hungary |
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| Abstract: | The Aharonov-Bohm effect shows that the vacuum is structured, and that there can exist a finite vector potentialA in the vacuum when the electric field strengthE and magnetic flux densityB are zero. It is shown on this basis that gauge theory produces energy inherent in the vacuum. The latter is considered as the internal space of the gauge theory, containing a field made up of components ofA, to which a local gauge transformation is applied to produce the electromagnetic field tensor, a vacuum charge/current density, and a topological charge g. Local gauge transformation is the result of special relativity and introduces spacetime curvature, which gives rise to an electromagnetic field whose source is a vacuum charge current density made up ofA and g. The field carries energy to a device which can in principle extract energy from the vacuum. The development is given forU(1) andO(3) invariant gauge theory applied to electrodynamics. Former Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth SY32 1NE, Wales, United Kingdom. |
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| Keywords: | Aharonov-Bohm effect energy from the vacuum U(1) andO(3) invariant gauge theory applied to electrodynamics |
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