海洋电缆中关键力学问题的研究进展与展望

海洋能源是当今世界各国竞相开发的关键领域. 海洋电缆是连接海洋能源生产系统各设施的能源传输、生产控制的关键装备之一, 被誉为海洋能源开发的“生命线”. 如何设计海洋电缆能够抵抗极端海洋灾害, 同时满足安装、服役中弯曲柔顺性的要求, 实现“刚柔并济”的结构性能, 是海洋能源开发领域亟待解决的核心难题. 本文围绕海洋电缆多构件、多层螺旋缠绕的结构特点, 全面总结了海洋电缆设计、分析及测试领域关键力学问题的研究进展. 首先, 针对海洋电缆结构的理论分析, 阐述了拉伸、扭转和弯曲刚度的基本理论以及拉扭耦合和非线性弯曲行为研究进展. 其次, 介绍了数值仿真方法在海洋电缆工程中的应用, 特别介绍了海洋电缆数值分析专业软件方面的研究成果. 再次, 探讨了海洋电缆多场耦合分析、结构优化设计和疲劳寿命的计算方法. 最后详细介绍了海洋电缆结构的实验测试技术和测试装备. 本文通过对海洋电缆研究方法和研究热点的详细综述, 揭示了该领域的主要研究方法和关键技术难点, 并展望了海洋电缆未来发展的主要技术需求和研究方向. 上述工作对海洋电缆在我国海洋油气能源开发中的高可靠性工程应用提供了基础理论和技术参考. 

PROSPECT AND PROGRESSION OF KEY MECHANICAL PROBLEMS IN MARINE CABLES1)

Marine energy is a key area that countries around the world are competing to develop today. Marine cable connecting various facilities of marine energy production system is one of the key equipment for energy transmission and production control and is known as the “lifeline” in marine energy development. Designing marine cables that can resist extreme marine environments, meet the requirements of bending flexibility in installation and service, and achieve structural performance with “rigid and flexible”, is the core challenge to be addressed in the field of marine energy development. This paper discusses the structural characteristics of multi-component and multi-layer spiral winding of marine cables, and comprehensively summarizes the research progress of key mechanical issues in the field of marine cable design, analysis and testing. Firstly, for the theoretical analysis method of marine cable, the general theories of tension, torsion and bending stiffness, and the research advances of the tension-torsion coupling mechanism and nonlinear bending behavior are described. Secondly, the application of numerical simulation methods in marine cable engineering is introduced, especially the research results of purpose-built simulation software for numerical analysis of marine cables. Thirdly, the multi-field coupling analysis, optimum structural design and fatigue life calculation method of marine cables are discussed. Finally, the test technology and test equipment for marine cables are introduced in detail. Through a detailed summary of research methods and hotspots of marine cables, this paper reveals the main research methods and key technical difficulties in this field, and looks forward to the main technical requirements and research directions of marine cables for future development. The above summary provides basic theory and technical reference for the high reliability engineering application of marine cables in China's offshore oil and gas energy development.