边界强度对焦点实现方式的影响

汉语普通话中,单焦点主要表现为焦点词音高上升和焦点后音高压缩(Post-Focus-Compression,PFC),而双焦点句中第一个焦点后音高压缩有限。韵律边界强度是否影响焦点的实现方式,特别是焦点后音高压缩?本实验借助句法上词、短语、分句和句子的分类,在句中关键词(X)后设定了4种韵律边界强度。通过问句引导的4种焦点条件分别为:关键词X为焦点,句末词Y为焦点,词X和Y都是焦点(双焦点),以及中性焦点。语音分析结果显示:(1)焦点词都表现出音高上升和时长延长,增加量在单焦点和双焦点间没有显著差异,且不受焦点词后边界强度的影响;(2)双焦点句中第一个焦点后的音高压缩会被中等强度的边界减弱,而只有非常强的边界才会减弱单焦后的音高压缩;(3)随韵律边界强度增加,边界前的词时长增加,但延长量是有上限的,且不受焦点位置的影响。总体来说,韵律边界和焦点在语调上是平行编码的。

The effect of boundary strength on focus realization

In Putonghua,single focus is realized with on-focus F0 raising and Post-Focus-Compression (PFC),whereas the first focus in a dual focus sentence shows limited PFC.Will prosodic boundary strength after a focused word affect focus realization,especially PFC? In this study,corresponding to syntactic word,phrase,clause and sentence boundaries,four degrees of prosodic boundary strength were designed after the critical word (X).The four focus conditions were elicited by preceding questions,i.e.,on word (X),final word (Y),both X and Y (dual focus),and neutral focus.The acoustic analysis showed that (1) Focus words showed F0 raising and duration lengthening,with no significant difference between single and dual focus conditions,and with no difference among all the boundary conditions; (2) PFC after the first focus in dual focus sentences was weakened by a medium boundary,whereas PFC of a single focus was weakened by a very strong boundary; (3) Pre-boundary lengthening was increased as the boundary strength became stronger,however,there was an upper limit of the lengthening.The pre-boundary lengthening was not affected by focus locations.In general,boundary and focus were encoded in parallel in intonation.