Mass-transport driven by surface instabilities in metals under reactive plasma/ion beam treatment at moderate temperature |
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Authors: | Liudvikas Pranevi?ius Darius Mil?ius Liudas Pranevi?ius Vaiva ?irvinskaitë Jurgita Nomgaudyte Jean-Paul Rivier Claude Templier |
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Institution: | (1) Vytautas Magnus University, 8 Vileikos St., LT-3035 Kaunas, Lithuania;(2) Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos St., LT-3035 Kaunas, Lithuania;(3) Poitiers University, UMR6630, BP30179, 86960 Futuroscope, France |
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Abstract: | This paper presents a generalized approach to the mechanisms of oxidation, hydrogenation and nitriding of metals under ion
irradiation with reactive particles at elevated temperatures. Experimental results on the plasma oxidation of bilayered Y/Zr
films, the plasma hydrogenation of Mg films and the ion beam (1.2 keV N
2
+
) nitriding of stainless steel are presented and discussed. We make special emphasis on the analysis of surface effects and
their role in the initiation of mixing of bilayered films, the ingress of reactive species in the bulk and the restructuring
of the surface layers. It is suggested that primary processes driving reactive atoms from the surface into the bulk are surface
instabilities induced by thermal and ballistic surface atom relocations under reactive adsorption and ion irradiation, respectively.
The diffusion of adatoms and vacancies, at temperature when they become mobile, provide the means to relax the surface energy.
It is recognized that the stabilizing effect of surface adatom diffusion is significant at temperatures below 300–350°C. As
the temperature increases, the role of surface adatom diffusion decreases and processes in the bulk become dominant. The atoms
of subsurface monolayers occupy energetically favorable sites on the surface, and result in reduced surface energy. |
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Keywords: | oxidation hydrogenation nitriding mechanisms surface relocations mixing restructuring PACS (2000) 68 35 Ja 81 65 -b |
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