Phase transitions in a system of spatially separated electrons and holes

The formation of a superfluid exciton liquid in a system of spatially separated electrons and holes in a system of two coupled quantum wells is predicted and its properties are investigated. The ground-state energy and the equilibrium density of the exciton liquid are calculated as functions of distance D between the quantum wells. The properties of a rarefied exciton gas with dipole-dipole repulsions are considered, where this gas is the metastable phase for D<1.9a* and the stable phase for D<1.9a* (a* is the radius of the two-dimensional exciton). The gas-liquid quantum transition is examined for increasing D. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperatures, at which superfluidity arises in the system, are found for different values of D. Possible experimental manifestations of the predicted effects are discussed. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1879–1895 (May 1997)