地形对大别山区农村住房空间分布格局的影响

山区环境因素的限制使得农村住房呈现地域性的空间格局,确定农村住房空间分布格局及重要影响因素的关联性成为山区居民地规划管理的核心要素.以金寨县为例,结合高分辨率遥感影像目视解译、点格局分析以及相关分析等方法,通过引入地形要素(海拔、坡度、起伏度)因子,探索大别山区农村住房空间分布格局特征及地形要素的影响.系列实验结果表明:金寨县农村住房点间距离在0~140m时,住房呈现聚集分布的态势,表明大别山区农村住房之间因公共资源匮乏,受环境条件影响表现出较高的相互依赖性;而农村住房点间距离在140~400m时,住房呈现聚集、均匀、随机的多样性分布态势,表明大别山区农村住房缺乏宏观规划与分配;这种随机性趋势在400~10 000m的大尺度上表现得更为明显.相关分析表明,大别山区农村住房空间分布格局受制于局部地形条件,在海拔低、坡度小、起伏度低的地区,住房的聚集性较强,体现为相关分析的回归系数均达0.7左右;通过比较发现,地形要素对大别山区农村住房空间分布格局的影响强度由大到小为坡度起伏度海拔,坡度的决定系数达到0.6左右,对格局的影响强度是起伏度的1.1倍、海拔的1.13倍.本研究可为大别山区城镇规划提供科学依据.

Effects of topography on the spatial distribution pattern of rural housing in Dabie Mountains

Patterns of rural housing provide a reference for regional planning, and are conducive to the coordinated development of ecological protection and economy. Due to the restrictions of natural, cultural and other factors, mountainous rural housings exhibit the regularity of the spatial pattern of surface morphology. Taking Jinzhai County as an example, this paper employed high resolution remote sensing images and the parcels produced by manual interpretation from texture differences to their surrounding environments. The housing parcels and their geometrical center points were used as input data of the pattern analysis method proposed in the paper. The method derived from heterogeneous Poisson Process (HP) used in ecological landscape was adopted to analysis the spatial pattern of rural housings. The proposed method preserves the advantage that it is a probability density function with the interpretation of a neighborhood density, which is more intuitive than an accumulative measure. What's more, the paper attempts to identify the factors that are correlated with the rural housing patterns. The paper used GIS spatial analysis tools to extract the terrain factors that can affect rural housing distribution such as elevation, slope, relief amplitude factor, etc. Analyse of the quantitative data reveal the relationships between terrain and rural housing patterns. Results of the study show the following aspects:Rural housing of Jinzhai County indicates aggregation distribution at scales from 0 to 140 m, and shows relative higher interdependence due to the lack of public resources, environmental conditions; And, rural housing shows aggregation, regularity, random distribution alternating trend at scales from 140 to 400 m, indicating that mountain rural housings lack macro planning and allocation; The trend of this randomness is more obvious at large scales from 400 to 10 000 m; Dabie Mountains rural housings are subject to regular distribution of the local topography, and terrain factors have a greater impact on rural housing patterns. Elevation, slope, and relief amplitude are lower, the stronger the aggregation of rural housing will be. The corresponding correlation analysis regression coefficients were about 0.7; By comparison, it is found that the slope is the most important impacting terrain factors to spatial pattern of housing, the coefficient of determination is about 0.6, and the impact strength is 1.1 times of the relief amplitude and 1.13 times of elevation. From the above analysis, the natural geographical environment is pretty complex in Jinzhai County, and the aggregation of its housings is weak. Therefore, it is needed to dismantle the housings with poor natural environment, and accelerate the economic development in the regions where the natural environment is relatively better. It is also needed to give the priority to the construction of towns with better environment to attract farmers, so that the residents' living standard will be improved. In this paper, the housings' pattern analysis and correlation analysis method of rural housing with high resolution remote sensing images can provide a scientific basis for the town planning in Dabie Mountain.