Trap-assisted recombination in disordered organic semiconductors

The trap-assisted recombination of electrons and holes in organic semiconductors is investigated. The extracted capture coefficients of the trap-assisted recombination process are thermally activated with an identical activation energy as measured for the hole mobility μ(p). We demonstrate that the rate limiting step for this mechanism is the diffusion of free holes towards trapped electrons in their mutual Coulomb field, with the capture coefficient given by (q/ε)μ(p). As a result, both the bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination processes in organic semiconductors are governed by the charge carrier mobilities, allowing predictive modeling of organic light-emitting diodes.