Analysis of the performance of the electric-field-driven liquid crystal lens (ELC Lens) for light of various incident angles

The electric-field-driven liquid crystal lens (ELC) induces the lens effect by the spatially non-uniform distribution of the refractive index. A scheme to analyse the performance of the ELC lens for the lights of various incident angles is devised by the calculation of the phase through the ELC lens and the determination of light ray directions from these phases. The calculated results show that the ELC lens changes the incident light of the plane wave into a focused wave and the focal distance becomes shorter for larger incident angles.