Biotrophic interaction of Sporisorium scitamineum on a new host—Saccharum spontaneum |
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Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China;2. Engineering and Technology Research Center of Liupanshan Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000, PR China;3. BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming 650201, PR China;1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal;2. Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal;3. Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal;4. Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal;5. Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;6. Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal |
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Abstract: | Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic smut fungus harbored inside the smut gall on the top internodal region of Saccharum spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The interactions of spined conidia of S. scitamineum with S. spontaneum were examined during the different stages of plant growth starting from the bud stage to the decaying stage. The spores in the soil from the polyetic inocula grew into confined epidermal cells of the buds and finally sporulated in the topmost internodal region. Hyphae invasion of the plant tissues were restricted to the point of infection. Culms of infected plants in late October sporulated, notably; hyphal sporulation produced shorter hyphal stolons. Remarkably, the nodal regions of infected plants had no spores and fragmented hyphae. On the basis of microscopic analyses, hyphae and spores were absent in all internodes above the ground till the topmost smut gall region. This result indicated that, S. scitamineum undergoes tissue-confined invasion of S. spontaneum. By associating culture medium method with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on plant portions void of smut gall, S. scitamineum was not detected, indicating that colonization was not systemic. It was observed that the biotrophic interaction resulted in structural reorganization in the restricted region of infection forming erect cylindrical structure, in which the fungus was sandwiched between the central stalk and sheath, and possibly played a key role in preventing inflorescence. Comparatively, a significant difference in the rate of teliospores germination between reference Ustilago esculenta (26.6%, P < 0.05) and S. scitamineum (62.9%, P < 0.05) at 20° C was observed. This study also provides insights on the effect of different temperature regimes on the germination of S. scitamineum teliospores in vitro. |
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Keywords: | Biotrophism Smut-gall Teliospores Electron microscopy rDNA Phylogeny |
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