A Comparative Study on Relieving Exercise-Induced Fatigue by Inhalation of Different Citrus Essential Oils |
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| Authors: | Lei Tian Tan Hu Shanshan Zhang Hongyan Zhang Chenxi Yang Guiting Chen Siyi Pan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.T.); (T.H.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (C.Y.); (G.C.);2.Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China;3.Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Citrus essential oils (CEOs) possess physiological functions due to diverse aroma components. However, evidence for the effects of CEOs on exercise performance and exercise-induced fatigue is limited. The CEOs with discrepancies in components may exert different effects on the amelioration of exercise-induced fatigue. In this study, sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oil (SEO), lemon (Citrus limon Osbeck) essential oil (LEO), and bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso and Poit) essential oil (BEO) were chosen to explore the effect on amelioration of exercise-induced fatigue. Our results demonstrated that SEO and LEO increased the swimming time by 276% and 46.5%, while BEO did not. Moreover, the three CEOs exerted varying effects on mitigating exercise-induced fatigue via inhibiting oxidative stress, protecting muscle injury, and promoting glucose-dependent energy supply. Accordingly, BEO showed the best efficiency. Moreover, the GC-MS and Pearson correlation analysis of BEO showed that the contents of the major components, such as (±)-limonene (32.9%), linalyl butyrate (17.8%), and linalool (7.7%), were significantly positively correlated with relieving exercise-induced fatigue. |
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| Keywords: | citrus essential oils exercise-induced fatigue oxidative stress muscle injury energy metabolism |
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