Vacant Manganese-Based Perovskite Fluorides@Reduced Graphene Oxides for Na-Ion Storage with Pseudocapacitive Conversion/Insertion Dual Mechanisms

Na-ion capacitors (NICs) and Na-based dual-ion batteries (Na-DIBs) have been considered to be promising alternatives to traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of the abundance and low cost of the Na-ion, but their energy density, power density and life cycle are limited. Herein, dual-vacancy (including K⁺ and F^? vacancies) perovskite fluoride K_0.86MnF_2.69@reduced graphene oxide (rGO; recorded as Mn?G) as anode for NICs and Na-DIBs has been developed. The special conversion/intercalation dual Na-ion energy storage mechanism and pseudocapacitive dynamics are analyzed in detail. The Mn?G//AC NICs and Mn?G//KS6 Na-DIBs delivered a maximum energy density of 92.7 and 187.6 W h kg^?1, a maximum power density of 20.2 and 21.12 kW kg^?1, and long cycle performance of 61.3 and 68.4 % after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^?1, respectively. Moreover, Mn?G//AC NICs and Mn?G//KS6 Na-DIBs can work well over a wide range of temperatures (?20 to 40 °C). These results make it competitive in Na-ion storage applications with high energy/power density over a wide temperature range.