Deriving Internal Energy by Virtue of Generalized Feynman-Hellmann Theorem for Mixed States |
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| Authors: | FAN;Hong-Yi;JIANG;Zhong-Hua |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Shanghai 200030, China
;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
;3. Special Class for Gifted Young, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China |
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| Abstract: | We show how to directly use the generalized Feynman-Hellmann theorem, which is suitable for mixed state ensemble average, to derive the internal energy of Hamiltonian systems. A concrete example, which is a two coupled harminic oscillators, is used for elucidating our approach. |
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| Keywords: | generalized Feynman-Hellmann theorem internal energy mixed state |
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