Theoretical prediction of gas-phase infrared spectra of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazinediones and imidazo[1,2-a]imidazo[1,2-d]pyrazinediones derived from glycine

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3,6-diones and imidazo[1,2-a]imidazo[1,2-d]pyrazine-3,8-diones can be produced by pyrolysis of simple amino acids. While such bicyclic and tricyclic amidines were detected and characterized by IR spectroscopy for some alpha-substituted amino acids, the parent systems composed of glycine fragments are unknown up to now. IR spectra for five amidines derived from glycine were calculated by using different semi-empirical (PM3, AM1, MNDO and MINDO/3), HF, and hybrid DFT (B3LYP, B3P86 and B3PW91) methods in conjunction with 6-31G(d) basis set (for HF and DFT). Vibration frequencies in the experimental IR spectra were predicted based upon the B3LYP data, by correcting the calculated wavenumbers by a scaling factor of 0.959. The behavior of most characteristic bands (nu(CX), nu(NH), etc.) and their shifts with respect to such bands in the spectra of alanine and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid derivatives studied before, are discussed. Performance of the semi-empirical methods was tested, bearing in mind possible future needs for IR spectra predictions for larger molecular systems of similar chemical nature; the use of MINDO/3 and MNDO is recommended. A basis set effect on the B3LYP fundamental vibration frequencies for hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3,6-dione was studied by varying Pople basis sets from minimal STO-3G to 6-311++G(d, p). No significant improvements were found beyond the 6-31G(d) basis set, which thus can be recommended to predict IR spectra for the amidines and similar molecules.