The vortex physics which comes from the vortex core

A theoretical view of vortex core states and of their effects on physics of vortices in clean s- and d-wave-type II superconductors is presented based on a semi-classical picture of a vortex core as an Andreev potential well containing many quasiparticle states. We discuss the density of states, the vortex dissipation, Hall effect, and the vortex mass. The dynamic characteristics are determined by relaxation of core excitations driven by a moving vortex. In a d-wave superconductor, gap nodes make the core states more extended and introduce novel features into thermodynamics and kinetics of vortices.