细胞内单颗粒示踪技术的进展

单颗粒示踪（Single particle tracking，SPT）技术是应用显微镜系统对细胞内单个特定荧光或散射颗粒的定位和追踪。由于SPT能够实时监控活细胞内复杂、高度动态的组织结构的变化并提供结构—功能间的动力学关系，因此在细胞生物学上有重要的应用。本文总结了SPT的机理以及在细胞上的应用，首先介绍了SPT的动力学原理，包括单颗粒定位，轨道重建以及轨道分析，然后总结了SPT技术现阶段重点发展的光学材料及仪器，最后阐述了SPT在细胞膜、细胞内信号通路、分子转运机制、遗传信息表达以及病毒感染机制的应用。此外，本文还对SPT技术未来的发展进行了展望。

Advances in single particle tracking in living cells

Single particle tracking(SPT) technique locates and tracks individual fluorescent or scattering particles within a cell with the help of microscope system. Based on the ability of real-time monitoring of the complex and highly dynamic changes in tissue structure within living cells and the ability to provide dynamic relationships between structure and function, SPT has important applications in cell biology. In this review,the mechanism of SPT and its application on cells are summarized. Firstly, the dynamics of SPT are introduced, including single particle localization, trajectory reconstruction and analysis. Then the optical materials and instruments that SPT technology focuses on at the present stage are described. Finally, the application of SPT in cell membrane, intracellular signaling pathway, molecular transport mechanism, genetic information expression, and viral infection mechanism are proposed. In addition, the advance of SPT technology are prospected in this paper.