倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动研究进展

圆柱结构涡激振动现象在生活中十分常见,如海洋工程中的管道、土木工程中的高耸建筑、桥梁斜拉索,核工程中的热交换器等频繁受到涡激振动影响,诱发结构的疲劳损伤,甚至破坏失效.现阶段,人们对垂直来流作用下圆柱结构涡激振动机理已有较为全面的认识.然而,当圆柱倾斜置于流场中,结构后缘的尾流形态与垂直放置差异显著,结构与流体的耦合作用机理更为复杂.为简化倾斜圆柱涡激振动问题,提出了不相关原则,来流速度被分解为垂直圆柱结构轴向和平行圆柱结构轴向的两个速度分量,仅考虑垂直结构轴向速度分量的影响,忽略平行结构轴向速度分量的影响.近年来,针对倾斜圆柱涡激振动及不相关原则的适用性,出现了大量实验和数值模拟研究成果.为了深化对倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动相关机理的认知,本文全面阐述了倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动响应规律、尾迹流场模式和流体力特性等方面的研究进展,分析了不相关原则的适用范围,探讨了倾斜圆柱结构涡激振动抑制措施,并对今后该领域的研究进行了力所能及的展望.

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATION OF INCLINED CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of cylindrical structures is a very common phenomenon in daily life. Cylinder structures, such as pipelines in ocean engineering, high-rise buildings, stay cables in civil engineering and heat exchangers in nuclear engineering, etc. are frequently affected by vortex-induced vibrations, which can induce fatigue damage and make the failure of structures. At present, the VIV mechanism of cylindrical structures in vertical incoming flow has been comprehensively understood. However, when the cylinder structure is inclined in the flow field, the wake flow of the inclined cylinder is significantly different from that of the vertical one, and the fluid-structure interaction mechanism is more complex. Earlier, independence principle (IP) was proposed to simplify the problem of flow around an inclined stationary cylinder. In the assumption of the Independence Principle, the incoming flow velocity can be decomposed into one part that is vertical to the cylinder axis, and the other that is parallel to the cylinder axis. Only the velocity component vertical to the cylinder axis is considered and the influence of the velocity component parallel to the cylinder axis is ignored. In recent years, a large number of experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to investigate the VIV characteristics of an inclined cylinder and the applicability of Independence Principle. To deepen the understanding of the VIV characteristics and mechanisms of inclined cylinder, this paper summarizes and expounds the response characteristic, wake flow characteristic and hydrodynamic characteristic in “vortex-induced vibration of an inclined cylinder.”. The scope of the application of Independence Principle, the VIV mechanisms and VIV suppression of inclined cylindrical structures are discussed in depth, and the future research direction of this problem is prospected.