大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学研究: 历史、进展与挑战

风电是可再生能源的主力军, 在优化能源结构、缓解气候变化方面发挥着重要作用. 经过数十年的发展, 风电装备逐渐向大型化和离岸化方向发展, 并由此形成“由陆向海, 由浅入深, 由固定式向漂浮式”的演变之路. 在水深大于50米的深远海域, 采用漂浮式支撑基础搭载大型或超大型风电机组是兼顾技术可行度和成本优势的理想选择. 如今, 大型漂浮式风机已成为下一代深远海风能大规模开发的主力装备, 是深化海洋风能开发的先导战略性高端装备, 是风电领域的研究热点和技术高地. 本文围绕大型漂浮式风电装备耦合动力学问题, 综述了国内外浮式风电技术的发展历程和研究现状, 结合作者团队多年的研究与实践经验, 介绍了浮式风机耦合动力学及其优化控制中的基础问题与研究现状, 总结了现阶段浮式风机耦合动力学研究中的困难与挑战, 为浮式风电研究人员提供参考. 

Coupling dynamics of floating wind turbines: History,progress and challenges

Wind power is one of the essential branches of renewable energy resources, and it is playing an important role in innovating energy systems and mitigating global climate change. After decades of development, wind turbines are becoming larger and are advancing into offshore regions. In offshore sites with water depths of more than 50 meters, the Floating Wind Turbine (FWT) is thought to be technically and economically advantaged. Nowadays, the FWT is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives for the future exploitation of offshore wind resources. In this review, the coupling dynamics of FWTs are focused on, and the development of the FWT technology at home and abroad is reviewed. Then the research status of FWT coupling dynamics, as well as its optimization, is introduced and discussed. Finally, the significant difficulties and challenges in studying FWT coupling dynamics are concluded. This review can serve as a guideline for the research in the FWT community.