高空电磁脉冲作用下电力系统主要效应模式分析

随着电网智能化和整体规模的提高，现代电力系统越来越容易受到高空电磁脉冲的威胁，一旦关键环节故障将有可能导致连锁反应，造成大面积停电。而针对不同的电力设备，其效应模式和威胁等级也有所不同，需要进行分类和分级研究。根据电力设备在电磁脉冲作用下的不同效应模式，将其分为SCADA系统与继电保护设备，变压器、互感器等线圈类设备，线路与设备避雷器与其他设备，并分析了其效应机理。然后考虑高空电磁脉冲威胁下电力设备存在多种效应等级，介绍了不同效应分类方法以及多等级效应评估模型。最后综合考虑易损性和重要性以及系统间的级联影响，分别梳理总结了在E1和E3作用下电力系统的故障链模式。

Analysis of high-altitude electromagnetic effect models on power system

With the improvement of the intellectualization and overall scale of power grid, modern power system is more and more vulnerable to the threat of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse. Once the key link fails, cascading reactions may occur, resulting in large-scale blackouts. For different electric equipments, their effect modes and threat levels are also different, thus it is necessary to carry out classification research. According to the different effect modes of electric equipments under electromagnetic pulse, this paper divides the equipments into Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system and relay protection equipment, coil type equipment including transformer and so on, lightning arrestor including line type and equipment type, and other types of equipment. Their effect mechanisms are analyzed in detail. Secondly, considering that there are many kinds of effect levels under the threat of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse, different effect classification methods and multi-level effect evaluation model are introduced. Finally, considering comprehensive impact of vulnerability and importance and the cascading effects among equipment, the fail are links of power system under E1 and E3 are summarized and analyzed, respectively.