Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in the presence of homogeneous ruthenium catalysts: effects of onium halides as promoters |
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| Institution: | 1. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12005 Berlin, Germany;2. University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Luxemburger Str.10, 13353 Berlin, Germany;1. College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, PR China;3. Shanxi Fenxi Mining (Group) Co., Ltd, Jiexiu 032000, PR China;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;1. Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Alabama A&M University, Huntsville, AL 35762, USA;2. Aurora Analytics, LLC 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;1. College of Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, 4221-104 Xiang''an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, PR China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemicals Production of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 4221-105 Xiang''an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The direct formation of ethylene glycol and ethanol from synthesis gas in the presence of a homogeneous ruthenium carbonyl catalyst is promoted by onium halides, such as ammonium, phosphonium and iminium halides. The catalytic activities for ethylene glycol and ethanol formation are dependent on the nature of the halides, and increase in the order I− < Br− < Cl− and Cl− < I− ≤ Br−, respectively. The ruthenium catalyst in conjunction with (Ph3P)2NCl shows the highest activity for ethylene glycol formation. The catalytic activities are dependent on the electron-accepting abilities of the solvents. A moderate electron-accepting ability of the solvent is important for oxygenate formation. |
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