Reductive carbonylation of carboxylic esters in the presence of homogeneous ruthenium-cobalt systems. Homologation of the alkoxy moiety |
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| Institution: | 1. KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA;1. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, India;3. Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600020, India |
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| Abstract: | Homogeneous Co-Ru systems in the presence of an iodide promotor can catalyse homologation of the alkoxy moiety of carboxylic esters. For low molecular weight esters, the ruthenium has a synergistic effect. The mechanism is thought to parallel that of the mechanism generally applying to the homologation of alcohols, and is believed to involve at least in part an olefinic intermediate originating from the alkyl moiety and undergoing hydroformylation into the higher alcohol. Subsequent esterification produces the expected ester. The best yields of the higher ester are obtained when elemental iodine is used along with an ionic iodide. |
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