Rapid reduction of titanium dioxide nano-particles by reduction with a calcium reductant |
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Authors: | Tatsuya Kikuchi Masumi Yoshida Shiki Matsuura Shungo Natsui Etsuji Tsuji Hiroki Habazaki Ryosuke O. Suzuki |
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Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan;2. Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13-W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan |
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Abstract: | Micro-, submicron-, and nano-scale titanium dioxide particles were reduced by reduction with a metallic calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt at 1173 K, and the reduction mechanism of the oxides by the calcium reductant was explored. These oxide particles, metallic calcium as a reducing agent, and calcium chloride as a molten salt were placed in a titanium crucible and heated under an argon atmosphere. Titanium dioxide was reduced to metallic titanium through a calcium titanate and lower titanium oxide, and the materials were sintered together to form a micro-porous titanium structure in molten salt at high temperature. The reduction rate of titanium dioxide was observed to increase with decreasing particle size; accordingly, the residual oxygen content in the reduced titanium decreases. The obtained micro-porous titanium appeared dark gray in color because of its low surface reflection. Micro-porous metallic titanium with a low oxygen content (0.42 wt%) and a large surface area (1.794 m2 g−1) can be successfully obtained by reduction under optimal conditions. |
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Keywords: | Electronic materials Metals Microporous materials Chemical synthesis Microstructure |
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