Bose-Einstein condensation at a helium surface

A path integral Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction at the surface of a helium film at T = 0.77 K, as a function of density. Moving from the center of the slab to the surface, the condensate fraction was found to initially increase with decreasing density to a maximum value of 0.9 before decreasing. Long wavelength density correlations were observed in the static structure factor at the surface of the slab. Finally, a surface dispersion relation was calculated from imaginary-time density-density correlations.