渤海海冰反射光谱基本特征的观测研究

针对渤海海冰监测的需要，在分析前人相关研究的基础上, 从洁净平整冰入手, 通过控制实验，在辽东湾鲅鱼圈港内获取不同厚度的洁净平整冰、有积雪覆盖海冰和含有泥沙海冰的样本，开展海冰现场反射光谱观测实验。根据两年的观测数据, 在可观测到的小于30 cm厚度范围内，洁净平整冰的光谱曲线呈现出“一大一小” 的双峰特征，且主反射峰值与海冰厚度有较好的对应关系；有积雪覆盖海冰的主反射峰光谱值要大大高于相同厚度的没有积雪覆盖的洁净平整冰主反射峰光谱值；含有泥沙的海冰的光谱曲线在675～725 nm波长范围内表现为先略有抬升，然后再继续下降的特征，而且其主反射峰值也大大升高。积雪覆盖和泥沙是产生渤海海冰“同厚异谱”或“同谱异厚”现象的重要原因。

Study on the Basic Characteristics of Bohai Sea Ice Reflectance Spectra

For monitoring sea ice in Bohai Sea,the present paper performed a field observation experiment on sea ice reflectance spectrum in Bohai Sea by control experiment.In the experiment,three groups of sea ice samples from the Bayuquan in Liaodong Gulf were collected,which were clean even ice of different thickness,sea ice covered by melt snow layer and sea ice with sands.According to the series of observation data during the two years,the reflectance spectrum curve of clean even ice has double peaks(a big one and a small one) when the ice thickness is less than 30 cm.The principal reflection peak is in good relation to the thickness of the sea ice.The principal reflection spectral peak of ice covered by melt snow layer is obviously higher than that of the spectrum of clean even ice without the snow layer with the same ice thickness.The principal reflection spectral peak of the sea ice with sands increases sharply,and the spectrum curve arises slightly in the wavelength rang between 675 and 725 mm and then declines.Covering snow and sands are the key factors to result in the fact that the same ice thicknesses present different spectrum characteristics and the same spectrum characteristics present different thicknesses.