二元羧酸的化学结构与其抑制草酸钙结晶能力研究

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了相距3个C—C键长具有不同取代基的二元羧酸对草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体生长的影响。这些二元酸包括丁二酸、顺丁二烯酸、反丁二烯酸、苹果酸、天冬氨酸和酒石酸。它们均能抑制一水草酸钙(COM)晶体的聚集，减小COM比表面积，并诱导二水草酸钙(COD)生成，其能力随二元酸上取代的—OH或—NH₂基数量增加而增强。从二元羧酸化学结构讨论了其影响草酸钙结晶效果的分子机理，对COM生长具有最佳抑制效果的羧酸是含有HOOC—CH(R)—CH₂—COOH(ROH或NH₂)分子的化合物。实验结果可为临床上寻找新的防石药物提供参考。

Chemical Structure of Dicarboxylic Acids and Their Capacity Inhibiting of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth

The effect of dicarboxylic acids with a three C-C bonds distance on the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOxa) was investigated in silica gel system by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These acids include succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, L-aspartic acid and tartaric acid. All the dicarboxylic acids can inhibit the aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and induce the formation of calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD). But their ability to inhibit the growth and aggregation of COM, to diminish the specific surface area of COM and to induce COD formation were strengthened as the number of the substituted hydroxyl or amino group increased. The molecular mechanisms were discussed in terms of chemical structures of dicarboxylic acids. Only the dicarboxylic acids with a HOOC-CH(R)-CH2-COOH (R=OH or NH2) group were found to have the best inhibitory effect on the CaOxa urinary stones. The results could provide some clue to looking for new drugs for urinary stones in clinic.