Influence of UV radiation on four freshwater invertebrates

Laboratory tests confirmed a negative and variable response of the following four species to artificial UV radiation: Cypridopsis vidua, an ostracode; Chironomus riparius, a midge larvae; Hyalella azteca, an amphipod; and Daphnia magna, a daphnid. Severe damage occurred at UV-B irradiance ranging from 50 to 80% of incident summer values. Under constant exposure to UV and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) the acute lethal response was recorded at 0.3, 0.8, 0.8 and 4.9 W m-2 UV-B for D. magna, H. azteca, C. riparius and C. vidua, respectively. Sublethal UV-B damage to invertebrates included impaired movement, partial paralysis, changes in pigmentation and altered water balance (bloating). A series of UV-B, UV-A and PAR treatments, applied separately and in combination, revealed a positive role for both UV-A and PAR in slowing down UV-B damage. Mean lethal concentration values of the species typically more tolerant to UV and PAR (Cypridopsis, Chironomus) decreased conspicuously when both UV-A and PAR were eliminated. For UV-B-sensitive species (Hyalella, Daphnia) these differences were notably smaller. We suggest that this gradation of sensitivity among the tested species demonstrates potential differences in repairing mechanisms which seem to work more efficiently for ostracodes and chironomids than for amphipods and daphnids. Manipulations with a cellulose acetate filter showed that lower range UV-B (280-290 nm), produced by FS-40 lamps, may cause excessive UV damage to invertebrates.