Numerical model for DNA loading in microdevices: stacking and autogating effects

Many electrophoresis-based DNA sequencing and genotyping microdevices rely on field-driven effects to load and preconcentrate the sample. A quantitative model is developed for a broad class of electrophoresis-based microfabricated sample injectors. Quantitative predictions of DNA preconcentration are compared with experimental data and are shown to qualitatively reproduce the detailed time-evolving sample distribution in the injector. The model provides practical guidance on device and protocol design, in order to optimize this critical aspect of microfluidic devices.