Thermodynamic properties of individual ions, calculated in terms of conception of real thermodynamic properties of individual ions in solutions

Real and chemical thermodynamic characteristics for several ions in mixtures of water with organic solvents of different classes are calculated on the basis of the proposed conception of real thermodynamic properties of individual ions in solutions. This conception is an improved and generalized version of the procedure for describing thermodynamic activity of individual ions in aqueous electrolyte solutions, which was successfully exploited for many years. The offered methodology enables one to determine thermodynamic characteristics of individual ions both in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. The use of the Volta potential differences for determining real and chemical thermodynamic characteristics of individual ions in solutions is validated.