Electrochromism of NiO-TiO2 sol gel layers |
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Authors: | A Al-Kahlout S Heusing M A Aegerter |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Coating Technology, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien-INM, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany |
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Abstract: | Films of NiO-TiO2 with Ni concentration of 100, 90, 87, 83, 75, 66, 50 and 33 mol% have been obtained via the sol-gel route by dip coating
technique and sintered in air between 250 and 500°C using ethanolic sols of nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O) and titanium n-propoxide (Ti(O-CH(CH3)2)4) precursors. Xerogels obtai- ned by drying the sols have been studied up to 900°C by thermal analysis (DTA/TG) coupled to
mass and IR spectroscopy. The crystalline structure and morphology of the layers in the as deposited, bleached and colored
states were determined by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy Their electrochromic
properties have been studied in 1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte as a function of the layer composition, thickness and sintering
temperature. Deep brown colour with reversible transmittance changes have been obtained using cycling voltammetry and chronoamperometry
processes. The best composition to get stable sols, a high reversible transmittance change and fast switching times (<10 s)
was obtained with double NiO-TiO2 layers 160 nm thick having 75% Ni molar concentration, and sintered between 300 and 350°C. The mechanism of coloration and
morphology transformation of the layer during cycling are discussed in terms of an activation and degradation period. The
results are in agreement with the accepted Bode model. |
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Keywords: | Sol-gel NiO-TiO2 Thin film Dip-coating Electrochromism Thermal analysis |
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