Mode-stirred reverberation chambers: A paradigm for spatio-temporal complexity in dynamic electromagnetic environments

We investigate probability distributions in dynamic multi-mode electromagnetic cavities, commonly referred to as mode-stirred reverberation chambers. We show that Bessel K$K$ and Bessel I$I$ distributions play a prominent role when a large but finite number of excited modes, loss of energy (through aperture leakage or dissipation), or nonstationary transient fields are involved. With the aim at reducing the number of simultaneously excited cavity modes as much as possible while maintaining a well-characterizable quasi-random field, measurement results indicate that single-mode stirring is feasible at certain frequencies well below the usual ‘lowest usable frequency’ of the cavity. Distributions for nonstationary fields are shown to allow for improved estimation of the maximum-to-mean ratio of the received power during stepwise rotation of the mode stirrer.