In situ One-Pot Fabrication of MoO3-x Clusters Modified Polymer Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Developing low-cost and high-efficient noble-metal-free cocatalysts has been a challenge to achieve economic hydrogen production. In this work, molybdenum oxides (MoO\begin{document}$_{3-x}$\end{document}) were in situ loaded on polymer carbon nitride (PCN) via a simple one-pot impregnation-calcination approach. Different from post-impregnation method, intimate coupling interface between high-dispersed ultra-small MoO\begin{document}$_{3-x}$\end{document} nanocrystal and PCN was successfully formed during the in situ growth process. The MoO\begin{document}$_{3-x}$\end{document}-PCN-\begin{document}$X$\end{document} (\begin{document}$X$\end{document}=1, 2, 3, 4) photocatalyst without noble platinum (Pt) finally exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen performance under visible light irradiation (\begin{document}$\lambda$\end{document}\begin{document}$>$\end{document}420 nm), with the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 15.6 μmol/h, which was more than 3 times that of bulk PCN. Detailed structure-performance revealed that such improvement in visible-light hydrogen production activity originated from the intimate interfacial interaction between high-dispersed ultra-small MoO\begin{document}$_{3-x}$\end{document} nanocrystal and polymer carbon nitride as well as efficient charge carriers transfer brought by Schottky junction formed.