Electret mechanism of electron beam capture by the magnetic field of a betatron

The mechanism of electron capture into acceleration that takes into account the electret properties of the accelerating chamber shell is described. The electron capture into acceleration is a self-consistent problem. It is demonstrated that the electron capture into acceleration is caused by the interaction of the injected electrons with the electric field of the charge created on the side interior wall of the chamber by electrons dropped out of the acceleration. The spectrum of the captured electrons is not normal. A large number of low-energy electrons are presented in the spectrum. Two and more peaks previously unknown are revealed in the dependence of the captured charge on the injected charge for large values of the injected charge. The results obtained are in agreement with the data of previous experimental studies. The captured charge and the dose rate of bremsstrahlung from a target correspond to their actual values for betatrons with accelerated electron energies of 6 and 10 MeV. Results of simulation can be used to design accelerating chambers and electron injection systems of betatrons and other cyclic accelerators. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 35–45, December, 2006.