基于两阶段解耦的可变功能机械模块划分研究

可变功能机械是一类多功能集成的机械产品, 较适合于采用模块化设计方法. 但是, 这类产品的每个功能都有相应的私有构件与之对应, 除此之外还有一定数量的共享构件, 造成各功能(相应地各客户需求)间存在不同程度的耦合性, 因此传统的单纯解决构件间耦合的模块划分方法存在困难. 为解决这一问题, 本文提出通过分阶段解耦的方法实现可变功能机械的模块划分, 其中第一阶段通过引入客户需求设计结构矩阵, 将与产品功能相关的客户需求先进行解耦, 以此解决单一解耦方式无法解决客户需求耦合的问题; 第二阶段通过引入需求结构关联矩阵与构件设计结构矩阵, 根据构件内部的关联关系进行结构解耦, 获得模块内部高耦合、模块之间低耦合的模块划分方案. 在此基础上, 通过引入模块化指数的评判标准, 解决产品模块聚合度和模块间耦合度相背离的问题, 实现了多种模块划分方案的选优. 最后通过一个多功能电钻案例来验证这一两阶段解耦模块划分方法的可行性.

Module formulation for adaptable-function mechanical product design with a dual-stage decoupling approach

The adaptable-function mechanical product is a kind of integrated and multi-functional product, hence is comparatively more suited to applying modular design method. However, each function of such product has corresponding private components, together with a certain number of shared components, causing various degrees of coupling between functions, as well as between customer requirements. As such, the traditional method for module formulation, by simply solving the coupling between components, has shown some difficulties. To tackle this problem, a dual-stage decoupling method for the formulation of modules specifically for the adaptable-function mechanical product design is proposed. In the first stage, the customer requirements related to product functions are decoupled by introducing the customer demand DSM (design structure matrix), so as to solve the problem of neglecting the decoupling of customer requirements with the traditional method. In the second stage, by introducing the demand structure incidence matrix and the component DSM, the decoupling of structural components is accomplished by exploiting the internal correlation relationship of components, and the module formulation schemes with high coupling within modules and low coupling between modules are obtained. After that, by introducing the evaluation standard of modularity index, the possible problems caused by the deviation between product module aggregation degree and module coupling degree are solved, and the optimal module formulation scheme is identified. Finally, a multi-functional electric drill case is studied to verify the feasibility of the proposed two-stage decoupling based method for module formulation.